Insights

Our comprehensive analysis of the Yanagi Model, which provides an example of how sustainability issues have become a key part of corporate governance practices, showed that ESG integration can drive shareholder value. The significant correlations found, especially in social and governance factors, require our attention; moreover, the analysis shows that integrating ESG factors is essential for long-term value creation.

In what has turned out to be an eventful year for interest rates, one of the major factors for New Zealand's bond market in 2024 has been the impact of monetary policy. We expect the Reserve Bank of New Zealand to continue monetary easing in 2025. In addition to monetary policy, the forthcoming Trump presidency will be another key factor for the bond market in the coming year.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand began cutting interest rates late in 2024 and is anticipated to ease further in 2025. The interest rate environment is expected to be a positive factor for the equity market, which has seen the retail and property sectors suffer in particular under higher rates.

Very thoughtfully, my father presented me with a compendium of newspaper front pages covering all 60 of my birthdays. There were two sections, one for a “broadsheet” and one for a “tabloid”. In 1964, the front page of the broadsheet was dominated by an informed discussion about the enacting by a Labour Party Chancellor of a shock 200 b.p. rise in the UK Base Rate in order to stabilize the pound.

We have upgraded our near-term economic outlook for the US and anticipate Japan's "virtuous circle" to remain intact. Predicting the timing of any cyclical market downturn remains challenging. However, we also highlight heightened tail risks associated with policy disappointments in the US going into 2025. We continue to see risks as biased towards the inflationary, and we also foresee expansionary US fiscal policy as ultimately unsustainable.

China has been feeling the pressure with Donald Trump due to return for his second term as US president. However, during Trump's first term China actually outperformed the S&P 500 index, which demonstrates the importance of domestic policies over external pressure.

This month we evaluate factors expected to attract attention in 2025 from a Japanese economy and equity market perspective. And as the government compiles another stimulus package, we discuss how Japan could be about to test the Laffer curve theory, which argues that tax cuts can actually increase overall tax revenue.

Asian local government bonds are positioned to perform well in 2025, supported by accommodative central banks amid an environment of benign inflation and moderating growth. We expect Asian corporate and bank credit fundamentals to stay resilient, aside from a few sectors and specific credits which may be impacted by tariff threats or US policy changes.

In 2025, US economic growth is expected to continue due to fiscal stimulus, despite above-target inflation. Meanwhile, the strong dollar could face disruptions, the Bank of Japan may keep raising interest rates and China is seen balancing domestic stimulus with potential US tariffs. European growth may recover slowly due to US tariff risks, and global central banks' policies will likely diverge to manage these challenges.

Many may expect the incoming Trump administration's transactional approach to be detrimental to the geopolitical and macroeconomic landscapes. However, we believe that Washington's mercantilist stance should not prevent Asian markets from offering attractive absolute returns, as was the case during the 2017-2021 period under Trump's first term.

As we head into 2025, we have picked three key elements that we believe will have the greatest influence over market behaviour and performance: interest rates, the strength of the New Zealand dollar and geopolitical uncertainty.

We believe that a changing political environment could present opportunities across asset classes in 2025, with fixed income in particular poised to benefit as markets adjust to more realistic inflation expectations.

Our outlook for 2025 is relatively positive. We expect the business-friendly stance of the Republican Party, coupled with easier monetary policy, will be supportive for risk assets, particularly in the US market. While we hold various views, we rely on our strategic asset allocation to guide our long-term outlook—with healthy equities, short-dated credit, the US dollar and gold forming our backbone for the medium term.

Asian local government bonds are poised to perform well in 2025 thanks to accommodative policies by central banks amid benign inflation and moderating growth. The global easing cycle is expected to lower global yields, thereby providing additional support to Asian bond markets.

With Japan overcoming deflation and ushering in a period of progress and consolidation despite market volatility and political upheaval, we expect Japanese companies to make strategic decisions in 2025 that attract global investors in larger numbers.

While 2024 was characterised by broad market gains (or “beta” returns) in Singapore, we expect 2025 to be more centred on generating excess returns (or “alpha”). We believe the service economy, represented by financial services and transportation, will continue to contain key sectors which offer high sustainable returns, positive fundamental change and growth.

New Zealand's economy is faced with challenges including a weak currency, low productivity growth and slowed immigration. However, there are potential posi'tives, such as declining interest rates and possible gains in longer maturity bonds. Ultimately, recovery will require time and effort, with the central bank playing a crucial role.

Throughout history, equity investors have benefitted from maintaining a long-term view and an optimistic outlook on humanity's ability to prevail in the face of adversity. This might once again be the case, meaning that the biggest risk might be not having exposure to the highest quality earnings streams through a diversified portfolio of global equities.

We believe that investors should strive for a diversified global portfolio of quality companies that can thrive in an environment where the cost of capital may be higher than previously expected. Our collective experience of the pandemic reminds us that such an approach is a good idea.

We increased the overweight to growth assets given that economic data remains resilient against falling inflation and as global central banks lower interest rates. Regarding defensive assets, we have been relatively negative on sovereign bonds, and despite the rate-cutting cycle underway, we maintain this view.